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自考英语(一)课堂笔记完整版(35)

发布: 2007-4-12 14:27 | 作者: dinhuajj | 来源: | 查看: 49次

  Text A    Why Are Maps Drawn with North at the Top?

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  本课主要单词

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Tcd!ES k0rR  1.feature n. 特征,特色;面貌,相貌  vi. 是…的特色,以…为特色    vi. 重要作用;作为主要角色

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  1)The most important feature of our work is parental involvement.(我们工作的最重要特色是父母参与。)

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l,k/\|+y P  2)The island's chief feature is its beauty.(这个岛的主要特色是风景秀丽。)学友吧OX|gws

,UQ9S)j ?"?9c*d;k  3)He is very familiar with the geographical features of this district. (他对这一地区的地理特征很熟悉。)学友吧 W){4_Cu#]

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  4)The boy was slightly taller than his father, with fine features.(那个男孩比他父亲稍高,长得眉清目秀。)

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  5)Round-the-clock service features this store.(日夜服务是这家商店的特色。)

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  6)The new type of car features high speed, small size and low cost.(这种新型汽车以高速、小型和低费用为特色。)

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  7)Sea food features largely in the diet of these people.(海产在这些人的食物中占重要地位。)学友吧7J%|DN!h

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  8)He is featuring in a new movie.(他正在一部新片中担任主角。)学友吧"O1v#T MMxH&b

j*}.J.b9U,]J d,| \  2.rough adj. 粗糙的;粗暴的;大致的学友吧/}`@X"`

6~+AcY O/_i!I  roughly adv. 粗糙地;大体上,大约

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  1)They journeyed for days over rough roads. (他们在崎岖的道路上旅行了数日。)学友吧ur,t6Q e9_

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  2)His rough manners annoyed everybody.(他粗鲁无礼的态度恼了每一个人。)学友吧'jSP/g{_{

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  3)They lived a rough life in the mountain village.(他们在山村里过着简陋的生活。)学友吧F ttO LJ`R

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  4)They had a rough crossing of the English Channel.(他们在狂风大浪中越过英吉利海峡。)

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&X^ D:d!kw  5)We should help them out of the rough situation.(我们应该帮助他们走出困境。)学友吧M8]-Yr j#J)G

?Q(T)r6T~,e;{L  6)The young man closed the door roughly.(那个年轻人粗暴地把门关上了。)学友吧8x#Wh s{ ]n_p

4NQ+t*D6l'xik6n  7)Roughly speaking, this year's profit increased by 15 percent.(粗略地说,今年的利润增加了15%.)学友吧$| D$e%T?VU|

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  3.sketch n. 草图;梗概;素描      v. 绘(…的)略图;简述

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H/t:h}+H&Z t  1)He drew a rough sketch showing the position of the entrance.(他粗略地画了张草图,说明入口处的位置。)学友吧-e5B9M%? wxEN.b

g`h HV:cbJ  2)They only gave us a sketch of the whole event.(他们只向我们简略地介绍了整个事件。)学友吧$F,EZ1H_ KX

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  3)The first part is a brief sketch of the school's early history.(第一部分是该校早期历史的概述。)学友吧$Iqk'v0[^8zR/u

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  4)He sketched a boy's head on the sketchpad.(他在速写簿上画出了男孩头像素描。)学友吧 HX:ziO

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  5)Mr. Smith sketched excuses to his guest and left the room hurriedly.(史密斯先生向客人草草致歉然后匆忙离开房间。)

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(Xx9Rd f%T  4.Localize v. 使局部化;使具地方性;集中学友吧 {:y IVX;b-[u

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  1)It is unlikely to localize this disease.(把这种疾病控制在局部地区是不可能的。)

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  2)They failed to localize the effect of the disturbance.(他们没能使动乱的影响局部化。)

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?edk*Vi[:r^L  3)Anger localized on the new policy.(民愤集中在这项新政策上。)

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  请注意localize是由形容词local加动词后缀-ize构成的。英语中,这样词很多。比如:modernize(现代化),civilize(使文明化),socialize(社会化),publicize(公开化)等等。

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  5.footing n. 立足处;稳固的地位,基础

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;O1X.j C1`  1)It is difficult to get a footing on the steep roof.(要在那很陡的屋顶上找到立脚处很困难。)

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  2)He lost his footing and fell into the ditch.(他一失足摔进了沟里。)学友吧4}$k%P1h4iH^|+~5I

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  3)The water was so deep that she couldn't gain her footing.(河水太深,她立不住足。)

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n&p~/Na{[jq  4)They are on a friendly footing with their neighbors.(他们同邻居们和睦相处。)学友吧'M$DG/xm ?#A3k

H.cBydx&W(];y+^ r  5)In today's China, women and men are on equal footing.(在今天的中国,男女平等。)学友吧(U:B#nslNi:T0cli.r

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  6.Forefront n. 最前线,最主要的位置学友吧7N?)Ogd2Hv W5c2T

"V7Pg_W  1)The company was brought to the forefront of public attention.(那家公司成为公众注意的重点。)

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:J&V1O-{;qw[  2)He brought the country to the forefront of world politics.(他把那个国家推向了世界政治的最前沿。)

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  请注意fore-是一个前缀,意思是在前面;预先。如:forearm(前臂),forehead(前额),foresee(预知),foretell(预言),forecast(预报)等等。

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'b;?3fR:|0?  7.Attempt v. 企图、试图       n. 企图、试图学友吧P e&p9w?1Y[`|Dx

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  1)I didn't attempt the last question in the exam.(我没有试图去做试卷的最后一题。)

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  2)He attempted to keep his parents in the dark about what had happened.(他试图使父母对所发生的事一无所知。)

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  3)George had succeeded on his fourth attempt.(乔治要游过湖有困难,但他在第四次尝试时终获成功。)学友吧$~ MsEH3H-[|!N d

t7db1D!c1M.P/Hl&DI^  4)He made no attempt to solve the problem.(他没有试图解决问题。)学友吧%@'oh)|!{7~

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  8.Flatten v. 把……弄平;变平

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  1)He flattened the paper cups.(他把纸杯压平了。)

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  2)The hurricane flattened the forest.(飓风夷平了森林。)学友吧 zdt,b0M#k+|Rh}H Ih

;J mB A&~?um/P  3)Her questions completely flattened me.(他的问题把我完全击垮了。)

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5f$xgu d|!rAl  请注意flatten是由形容词flat加动词后缀-en构成的。-en是英语中十分常用的动词后缀,可以用在形容词后面也可以用在名词后面。如:broaden(加宽),weaken(削弱),sharpen(使锋利),frighten(使……害怕),lengthen(加长),heighten(加高)等等。学友吧*b/E*zLKU)`&]

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  9.reference n. 提及;参考;证明书(或人),推荐信(或人)学友吧K8\#e!H,o"|0el*AX

sT n ^}g_$D4_  1)There is on further reference to him in her diary.(她在日记中没有进一步提到他。)

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  2)Keep this dictionary on your desk for easy reference.(把这本词典放在你书桌上,以备随时查阅。)

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  3)My professor gave me a good reference.(我的教授给我写了一封德才兼优的推荐信。)

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].s2N,lK  请注意reference是由动词refer加名词后缀-ence构成的。-ence也是常见的名词后缀,如:difference(区别),conference(会议),preference(偏爱),transference(转移)等等。

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  10.calculate v. 计算;估计;认为;想要学友吧%M4OL|2k3w ]1N[#q

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  calculation n. 计算;估计

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#QGm*? }  1)I calculated that we would arrive at 6.(我估计我们六点钟到。)

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6R0hQ&n"Q!hW/Q:f  2)The number of votes will be calculated in the late afternoon.(选票将在傍晚时计数。)学友吧 ?#p\b'{t:M`y

#z)N*mf,QDc,z6\  3)You have to calculate the advantages and disadvantages before making a decision.(在作出决定前你得估量事情的利弊。)学友吧0e C2w!`d*iNE@V

0J"X,WW'jNN  4)She calculates to go next month.(她想下个月去。)学友吧 G*e)R uhzU

L+c^G1s4B  5)He made an error in his calculation.(他在计算中出了差错。)

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  6)By his calculation, we will be there in an hour.(据他估计,我们一小时后到那儿。)学友吧/ecC8d\x1H

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  11.unaware adj. 未认识到的,不知道的

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~W-NgP I&E  我们已经学过aware这个词的用法,unaware是aware的反义词,用法与aware差不多。学友吧l{"B Xy g9_

(Q)`-NM|  1)She seemed unaware of what was happening around her.(她似乎没有意识到周围正在发生的一切。)

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[!pH*e i+Ce{){  2)I was unaware that I had hurt him.(我没有意识到我伤害了他。)

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9T;W-a+PJ,Hx,u)|;L  3)He was unaware of the serious consequence.(他没有认识到后果的严重性。)

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Q^/dF,D:J;tuE9q  12.orientate=orient v. 使适应;给……定向

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  orientation n. 定向;方位;熟悉;情况介绍学友吧y W2QDHrt

3~ i8I5E ai E3Y  1)You should produce things orientated to people's needs.(你应该生产适应人们需要的东西。)学友吧p1f(r(Haxb

(Nk x h3s q ]  2)He oriented himself by finding a familiar landscape.(他找了一处熟悉的景色来确定自己所处的方位。)

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d-F)X ll3lKL  3)The discussion helped me orient myself to the new language.(讨论帮助我适应新的语言。)

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  4)It took him a long time to orient himself.(他花了很长时间熟悉环境。)

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+RE Z jIl!u  5)The winding trail caused them to lose their orientation.(弯弯曲曲的小径使他们迷失方向。)

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  6)College freshmen receive two days of orientation.(大学新生用两天时间听取学校情况介绍。)学友吧uUh!@4T2z-f6sm9Y

B X$z K h*{Q  oriented adj. 以……为目的的;重视……的

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(_#T |/U'B+|*E  export-oriented industries(外向型工业)

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  an education-oriented family(一个重视教育的家庭)学友吧T]s HA;F%W

Y c dJeU/V1c~B  test-oriented teaching and learning(以应试为目的的教学)学友吧 x0jxq+d2E

&m&U0I R~FC5HH*V;?  13.Immovable adj. 不可移动的;坚定不移的

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CYBtX K  这个词的词根是move,-able是形容词后缀;im-是反义词前缀,通常在m,p开首的单词前。如:impassable(无法通过的),importable(可进口的),immedicable(无法医治的)等等。

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{*fDm%l#V3p  1)Father was immovable in his opinions.(父亲的意志坚定不移。)

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  2)He didn't expect that he would face an immovable audience.(他没料到他将面对一群不动情的观众。)学友吧H b%tg&\yJ]

N$z1i1ZaxJ3W7^  3)What are you going to do with this immovable pillar?(这根移动不了的柱子你打算怎么处理?)学友吧/~(Nx:a&f

cKS+GH g!w'R  14.arrangement n. 安排;布置;整齐学友吧/kO"A{OJVDR%`

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  arrange v. 安排;布置学友吧{|kV1@@4h.V/Q

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  1)Have you made all the arrangements for the conference?(你为会议做好所有安排了吗?)

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I lZ&]Q"e Cl  2)He wants to make sure that everything is in neat arrangement.(他想确保一切都整整齐齐。)

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V+~2K4D?Fg6PL-f4w'k;nt  3)She didn't want to after the arrangement of furniture in the room.(她不想改变房间里家俱的位置。)学友吧5[r-bwl

J2`K2{Y{[Eb  4)I will make arrangements for a car to meet you at the airport.(我将安排一辆汽车去机场接你。)

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  5)The librarian is arranging the books on the shelf.(图书管理员正在整理架子上的图书。)

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_d?{4` L  6)Don't worry, I will arrange the dinner for you.(别急,我为你们安排晚餐。)

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6B.B-L$vh@gtb  7)They have arranged for us to visit the Confucius Temple tomorrow.(他们已安排我们明天游夫子庙。)

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  8)I have arranged for the goods to be delivered to your door.(我已为你安排好送货上门。)学友吧3Gf@#H._9u-w8DF_

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  15.Interfere v. 干涉;妨碍,干扰学友吧GrIWkbh4}k

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  1)We have no rights to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.(我们无权干涉他国内政。)

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  2)Don't interfere in other people's business.(不要干预他人的事情。)

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  3)Misty weather interfered with the contact.(雾天妨碍了联络。)

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  4)He has done nothing that directly interfered with the actions of the others.(他没做任何直接妨碍他人行动的事。)

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  16.accordance n. 一致;符合学友吧,\4q:G1G!W o7PTM

O q1G0L LK!gh  1)Education is carried out in accordance with the government's policy.(教育在依据政府的政策实施。)

wRq:B8JXPD 学友吧nW&nR"U5k^'a

  2)In accordance with your request I am sending her the letter express.(根据你的要求,我准备给她发特快信。)

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  3)I am in accordance with him in this matter.(在这件事上,我同他是一致的。)学友吧:J J }kbAa.IQ

!D5z)I"y VbX#Zyf  17.reliance n. 信赖;依靠

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DQ Ah_(sC+G-S  rely v. 依赖;相信

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MTMB%gL eL  1)She placed complete reliance on her husband's judgment.(她完全相信她丈夫的判断。)学友吧w8U{"S af&]'P rk

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  2)Self-reliance is necessary if you want to achieve anything.(如果你想有所成就,自力更生是很必要的。)

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  3)He is a man to be relied on.(他是一个可以信赖的人。)学友吧V aa7Yw,qe%d

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  4)You can always rely on him, he won't fail you.(你可以永远信任他,他不会让你失望的。)

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  5)We can rely on our children to do such work.(这样的工作我们可以放心地让孩子们去做。)

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bh"o6J Fh[t  18.rightful adj. 合法的;正义的;正当的学友吧P}]4@;T

/gV4J/S)mm8GZ  请注意区别right和rightful.Right强调同事实没有偏差,rightful指事物符合道德或法律的约束。学友吧3CFqLf)G

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  1)He regained his rightful place on the English throne.(他恢复了应属于他的英国王位。)

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h\#x7Pj.W,C  2)The rightful heir should obtain his rightful inheritance.(合法的继承人应获得其合法的继承权。)学友吧go^Jx7kx Rw/D`

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  3)It is the right approach to the command of grammar.(这是掌握语法的正确途径。)学友吧 _dtFu;ziM(R;~

f)Oz%\4a S Y  4)I believe what he said is right.(我相信他说的是对的。)

e#v:Nf6a.[P4_4x\ b 学友吧 T"g"W4\P^e$W{#` ]

  本课简介学友吧)jX.R?*Q

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  今天,地图上上为北标示在我们的眼里极其自然。很难想像出会有一幅不以上为北的地图。但是当我们试图去了解地图绘制的历史时,我们会有超乎想像的发现。学友吧/E8?#M0zi \(\c

学友吧+W1K!G1G!aA-O!`5o

  世界上古老的地图绘于公元前3800年。几个世纪以后,是古希腊人开始用相对科学的方式来绘制地图,其最杰出的先驱是托勒密。古巴比伦人以扁平的圆盘状来展现地球,而托勒密则以球状来展现地球。鉴于当时人们的知识的状态,托勒密在绘制地图时也出了种种差错,但是他是标示地图的上方为北方的第一人。学友吧/B%D9laA5X*]'B

学友吧)y(E0D L)LC_z

  到了中世纪,欧洲教会严重阻碍了科学的发展。因为耶路撒冷是基督教的圣地,于是地图的上方便改换为东方。直到十四世纪,由于贸易的发展,以及人们对指南针的日益加剧的依赖,北方终又成为地图的上方。

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